How Does a High-Efficiency Washer Work?: A Basic Explanation

High-efficiency (HE) washers have revolutionized how we do laundry by delivering exceptional cleaning performance while conserving water and energy. Whether you're considering upgrading your washing machine or simply curious about how these innovative appliances work, understanding the mechanics and benefits of HE washers can help you make the most of their efficiency and longevity.

The Magic of Lower Water Levels

One of the standout features of HE washers is their ability to clean clothes effectively using significantly less water than traditional washers. Unlike older models that fill the entire drum with water, HE washers use sensors to determine the optimal amount of water needed for each load.

Many HE washers spray fill water over the clothes to saturate the garments before tumbling or impeller agitation begins. This method of water delivery helps clean the clothes effectively using less water.

This efficient water usage has several benefits:

• Energy Savings: Since the washer uses less water, your water heater works less to heat it. This reduces energy consumption and lowers your utility bills.
• Enhanced Cleaning: HE washers rely on a tumbling or spinning action rather than a traditional agitator. This motion gently yet thoroughly cleans clothes while using the smaller amount of water to remove dirt and detergent residue.

By tumbling the clothes through shallow pools of water, HE washers maximize cleaning power without wasting resources.

HE Detergent: Designed for Performance

HE washers use specially formulated HE detergents. Unlike standard detergents, HE detergents produce fewer suds, which is critical for effective washing in low-water environments. Excessive suds can trap soil and redeposit it onto clothes or even damage the washer. HE detergents are engineered to:

• Break down and lift dirt effectively.
• Rinse out completely, even with minimal water.
• Prevent soap scum buildup in the washer.

When using an HE washer, always look for the “HE” symbol on detergent packaging to ensure compatibility.

Maintenance Tips for HE Washers

To keep your HE washer running smoothly, regular maintenance is essential.

Both top-load and front-load models require specific care to prevent odors, mold, and operational issues.

Maintenance for Front-Load HE Washers

Front-load washers are known for their energy efficiency and compact design but are more prone to moisture-related problems.

Here’s a video that shows how to maintain them followed by a written procedure to help you care for your font-load washer:

Clean the Door Boot Seal

The rubber gasket around the door can trap water and soap residue, leading to mold and mildew. Wipe it down after each use and leave the door open to allow the interior to air dry. Every few months, you’ll need to don some gloves and wipe it down with a liquid chlorine bleach and water solution to eliminate and prevent mold and mildew.

Run a Washing Machine Cleaning Cycle

Use a washer cleaner or a mixture of vinegar and baking soda to run an empty cleaning cycle every month. This helps remove soap buildup and keeps the drum fresh.

Clean the Dispenser Drawer

Remove the dispenser drawer as shown in the above video and thoroughly clean all of its compartments to detergent and additives such as bleach and fabric softener flow smoothly into the washer tub.

Repeat this process monthly or more often if needed to keep the dispenser clean and working properly.

Inspect and Clean the Drain Pump Filter

Lint, coins, and other debris can clog the drain pump filter. Check and clean it regularly according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Here’s an image that shows how to clean the drain pump filter in common front-load washers:

If your washer doesn’t have an access door for the drain pump filter as shown in the above image, you may need to schedule washer maintenance to have a service technician clean the drain pump filter in your machine.

Schedule Professional Maintenance Yearly

Having a service technician perform washer maintenance and cleaning on your machine every year will help your HE washer continue to perform smoothly and efficiently. Regular professional maintenance will also help keep your machine lasting longer.

Top-Load HE Washer Maintenance

Top-load HE washers are easier to load and generally less prone to mold issues but still benefit from routine care. Follow these expert tips to keep your top-load washing machine in top shape:

• Clean the Dispenser Trays: Detergent and fabric softener dispensers can accumulate residue over time. Remove and clean them periodically to prevent clogs.
• Wipe Down the Drum: Use a damp cloth to wipe the drum and other surfaces to remove residue and prevent odors.
• Use a Washing Machine Cleaner: Use a washer cleaner like Affresh or Washer Magic monthly to clean residue from the tub, spin basket and drain system. Follow the directions on the washer cleaner to use the product correctly.

Tom Charland, a Sears Home Services technician, provides additional tips for using and maintaining your washing machine in this helpful video:

Keeping your top-load HE washer well-maintained will help it continue to operate smoothly and efficiently for many years to come.

Why Choose a High-Efficiency Washer?

Investing in an HE washer is a smart choice for environmentally conscious consumers and those looking to save on utility bills. Here’s a quick summary of their benefits:

• Reduced water and energy usage.
• Lower detergent consumption with HE-specific products.
• Gentle yet effective cleaning that extends the life of your clothes.

By understanding how HE washers work and maintaining them properly, you can enjoy years of reliable service while contributing to a greener planet.

Whether you're a seasoned laundry expert or just getting started with an HE washer, these appliances are a win for your wallet and the environment. With regular care and the right detergent, you’ll keep your washer—and your clothes—in top-notch condition.

High-efficiency (HE) washers are designed to use less water and energy per load, thanks to optimized wash cycles and faster spin speeds that extract more moisture from clothing. They typically require HE-specific detergent, which is formulated to produce fewer suds and rinse out more efficiently. While HE washers can help you save on utility bills, they may occasionally encounter issues like slow draining or leftover residue if not maintained properly. If your HE washer isn’t performing up to standard—even after regular cleanings—a specialist can service washing machine parts such as the drain pump or filter, ensuring you continue to reap the full benefits of your appliance.